Product Management Glossary

Design Thinking is a problem-solving approach that focuses on understanding the user's needs and designing solutions that meet those needs. It involves empathy, creativity, and iteration to arrive at innovative solutions.

A design system is a collection of reusable components, guidelines, and standards that are used to design and develop consistent, user-friendly products across an organization.

DevOps is a software development approach that combines development and operations teams to enhance collaboration, automate software delivery, and improve the quality of software products.

A Digital Product Manager is responsible for the entire lifecycle of a digital product, from ideation to launch and ongoing management, including product planning and execution, market research, product design, user experience, and product marketing.

Digital transformation is the process of integrating digital technology into all areas of a business, fundamentally changing how it operates and delivers value to customers.

Disciplined Agile (DA) is a process decision framework that provides teams with contextual guidance on how to effectively create and deliver innovative solutions at enterprise scale. It promotes a pragmatic, situationally specific, and contextually informed approach to agile and lean delivery.

Disruptive Innovation refers to the creation of a new market by providing a simpler, more affordable product or service that disrupts the existing market and displaces established competitors.

Distinctive competence is a unique attribute or set of competencies that differentiate an organization from its competitors and create a competitive advantage.

Documentation refers to the process of recording important information related to a product's development, usage, and maintenance.

Dual-Track Agile is a product development methodology that involves running two parallel tracks - one for discovery and one for delivery - to ensure that the product being developed meets the needs of the users while also being feasible and viable from a business perspective.

Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) is a framework for agile software development that aims to deliver practical and functional solutions within strict timeframes and budgets.

The Eisenhower Matrix is a decision-making tool used in product management, based on the urgency and importance of tasks.

Email marketing is a digital marketing strategy that involves sending promotional messages or advertisements to a group of people via email. It is used to build relationships with potential customers, keep current customers informed and updated on company news or offers, and to encourage customer loyalty and repeat business.

Empathy Maps are a visual tool used by Product Managers to understand the needs, behaviors, and emotions of their target users. They help PMs to develop a deeper understanding of their users and create products that meet their needs.

End-User Era refers to the prevailing business strategy of designing and developing products with the final end-user in mind. It is a departure from the traditional inward-looking approach of creating products based on internal company goals and objectives.

Engineering backlog is a list of technical tasks that software development teams need to complete during a product's development cycle.

Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) is a process used by organizations to align their business goals with their technology infrastructure. It involves designing the organization's overall IT strategy and roadmap for technology investments.

Enterprise Architecture Roadmap is a strategic plan that outlines the technology infrastructure and processes required to achieve an organization's goals.

Enterprise Feedback Management (EFM) is the systematic approach to capturing, managing, and using feedback data across an organization's entire customer journey to make informed decisions and continuous improvements.

Enterprise Transformation is the process of changing an organization's entire business model or strategy to achieve specific goals or objectives.

Epics are large, high-level user stories that capture a big, overarching business objective. They are typically too big to be completed in a single sprint and are broken down into smaller user stories or tasks.

Event marketing is a promotional strategy that involves creating a themed display, exhibit, or presentation to promote a product, service, cause, or organization. It is a way to engage with potential customers in a face-to-face setting and create a memorable experience that can lead to increased brand awareness and sales.

Experiments in Product Management refer to the process of testing and validating hypotheses about product features, user behavior, and market fit through controlled tests and data analysis.

A feature is a specific functionality or attribute of a product that provides value to the user and differentiates it from other products in the market.

A feature audit is a review of all features in a product to assess their effectiveness and relevance to the product's goal.

Feature Bloat refers to the phenomenon where a product has too many features, making it complex and difficult to use. This can lead to decreased user satisfaction and increased development and maintenance costs.

Feature creep refers to the continuous addition of unnecessary features to a product beyond what was originally planned or required.

Feature Driven Development (FDD) is an iterative and incremental software development process that emphasizes on systematically building software functionality or features and delivering them in short cycles. It is a client-centric, architecture-centric and team-based approach to software development.

Feature Factory is a term used to describe an environment in which a product team pushes out features at a rapid pace with little oversight or feedback from users.

A feature flag is a software development technique that allows developers to turn specific features or functionality on or off without deploying new code. It enables product managers to test new features with a subset of users before rolling them out to everyone.

Feature Gap Analysis is a process of identifying the difference between the features of a product that are currently available and the features that are desired by the customers. It helps in prioritizing the development of new features and improving the existing ones to meet the customer needs.

Feature kickoff is the process of introducing a new feature or product to the development team and stakeholders, outlining its purpose, goals, and requirements.

Feature Outcome Assessment is a process that involves analyzing the success of a feature request or enhancement, in terms of KPIs or metrics, after it has been implemented.

Feature Release refers to a process in product management where a new product or an upgrade to an existing product is released to customers.

Feature prioritization is the process of determining the relative importance or urgency of different features or functionalities of a product, in order to allocate resources and focus on the most valuable or critical ones.

A feature roadmap is a high-level plan that outlines the development of new product features over a specific period of time. It helps product managers prioritize and communicate the features that will be added to a product and when they will be released.

A feature-less roadmap is a strategic plan that focuses on high-level goals, objectives, and initiatives rather than specific features or functionalities of a product.

Features refer to the distinct functionality or characteristics of a product that satisfy user needs or contribute to their satisfaction, and differentiate it from other products.

Feedback management is the process of collecting, analyzing and using feedback received from customers or users to improve the product or service. The goal is to identify areas of improvement and create positive customer experiences.

Fibonacci Agile Estimation is a type of estimation method used in agile software development, which involves assigning relative values to user stories based on the Fibonacci sequence.

A Finance Product Manager is responsible for developing and managing financial products and services that meet the needs of customers, while also meeting the financial goals of the company.

Fundamentally New Product refers to a product that represents a significant departure from the existing products offered by a company or in the market, in terms of its features, technology or design.

GIST Planning is a product management framework that stands for Goals, Ideas, Step-Projects, and Tasks. It is used to prioritize and organize product development efforts.

A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule, showing the start and end dates of each task and its dependencies. It was developed by Henry Gantt in the early 1900s and is widely used by project managers today.

General availability (GA) is a term used to describe the stage in a product's lifecycle when it is fully released and available to the public for purchase or use.

Go-to-Market Strategy is a comprehensive plan outlining how a company will introduce and promote its products or services to its target audience, including the marketing channels and messaging to be used, pricing, and sales strategies.

Greenfield Project refers to a project that is developed from scratch, without any prior constraints or limitations.

A Group Product Manager (GPM) is a senior-level product manager who manages a group or suite of related products within a company. They oversee product development, go-to-market strategy, and performance of the product suite within the overall product portfolio.

A Growth Product Manager is responsible for driving growth and revenue for a product or a business by optimizing and scaling the customer acquisition, retention and monetization strategies.

HEART Framework is a methodology that measures user experience by analyzing five key metrics: Happiness, Engagement, Adoption, Retention, and Task success.

The Hook Model is a psychological framework that helps product managers design products that create habitual user behavior.

The Hooked Method is a product development framework that focuses on creating habit-forming products by understanding user behavior and designing products that create a strong emotional connection and habit loop.

The ICE Scoring Model is a popular method among product managers to gauge the potential impact, confidence, and ease of implementation for a particular product initiative or feature.

IT Management is the process of overseeing all technology resources within an organization to ensure they are being used effectively and efficiently to meet business goals.

An IT Project Manager is a professional responsible for overseeing the planning, execution, and delivery of technology projects within an organization.

Idea backlog is a list of potential ideas or features that can be added to a product in the future, prioritized by their value and feasibility.

Idea Management is the process of collecting, organizing, evaluating, and prioritizing new product ideas from various sources, including customers, employees, and stakeholders, to determine which ideas should be pursued and developed into successful products.

Ideation is the process of brainstorming and generating new ideas for a product or project.

An Impact Map is a visual representation of the relationship between business goals, user needs, and product features. It helps product managers prioritize features based on their potential impact on the business and the user.

Impact Mapping is a product management methodology used for visualizing and aligning business goals with product development outcomes.

Implicit requirements are requirements that are not explicitly communicated or documented, but are assumed to be understood by stakeholders or implied by the context of the project.

Incident Management Practice refers to the systematic approach of identifying, analyzing, and responding to incidents that may cause disruption to business operations, services, or functions. The practice involves establishing standard procedures and protocols for detecting, reporting, and resolving incidents, as well as mitigating their impact and preventing their recurrence.

Incremental innovation is a type of innovation that involves making small, gradual improvements to existing products, processes, or services rather than introducing completely new ones.

Influencer marketing is a type of marketing that focuses on using key leaders to drive your brand's message to the larger market. These influencers can be well-known celebrities or social media personalities with a large following and can help increase brand awareness and drive sales.

Information flows in product management refer to the movement of data and knowledge across different stages and stakeholders of the product development process.

Information Technology (IT) is a field of study focused on the acquisition, processing, storage, and distribution of digital information.

Initiative in Product Management refers to a new project or idea that is proposed and planned by the product team to achieve a specific goal or solve a problem.

Innovation management refers to the process of managing an organization's innovation strategy, resources, and operations to increase its effectiveness in producing new ideas, products, and services.

Integration testing is a software testing technique that tests the interaction between different software modules. It aims to identify defects in the interfaces and interactions between these modules before they are deployed to production.

Intuitive design refers to designing a product interface that is user-friendly and easy to understand without the need for instructions.

An IoT (Internet of Things) Product Manager is an individual who manages the development and delivery of IoT products, including hardware and software components, to meet the needs of consumers and businesses.

Iteration refers to the process of repeating a set of steps, typically in software development, to improve an outcome in a cyclical and incremental manner.

Iterative testing is a software development practice where a product is tested repeatedly and feedback is used to refine and improve the product.

Jira is a popular software solution for agile product management, developed by Atlassian. It offers features such as issue tracking, project management, and workflow customization for software development teams.

The Jobs-to-be-done Framework is a product management approach that focuses on understanding the underlying needs and motivations of customers by identifying the specific jobs they are trying to accomplish and designing products that help them achieve those goals.

K-Means Clustering is a machine learning algorithm used to group similar data points together based on their distance from each other. It is commonly used in product management to segment customers or products based on their similarities and differences.

K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is a machine learning algorithm used for classification and regression. It works by finding the K nearest data points in the training set to a given input and predicting the output based on the majority class or average value of those K points.

The KANO Model is a product management framework that categorizes customer preferences into three categories: basic, performance, and delight. It helps product managers prioritize features and functionalities based on their impact on customer satisfaction.

A KPI Dashboard is a visual representation of key performance indicators (KPIs) that provides product managers with a quick and easy way to monitor and track the success of their product. It allows them to identify trends, track progress towards goals, and make data-driven decisions.

KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) are measurable values that demonstrate how effectively a company is achieving its business objectives. They are used to evaluate the success of a product or service and help identify areas for improvement.

Kaizen is a Japanese term that means continuous improvement. In product management, it refers to the practice of constantly improving products and processes through small, incremental changes.

Kanban is a visual project management tool that helps teams to manage work by visualizing workflow, limiting work in progress, and maximizing efficiency. It originated in the manufacturing industry but has since been adopted by software development teams.

A Kanban board is a visual project management tool that helps teams visualize work, optimize workflow, and prioritize tasks.

The Kanban Roadmap is a visual representation of the product development process that uses the Kanban methodology. It outlines the stages of development and the tasks that need to be completed in each stage, providing a clear overview of the project's progress and priorities.

A kernel product is the core product that serves as the foundation for a product line, and is typically the most profitable and widely used product in the line.

A Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a measurable value that helps to determine how well a company is achieving its business objectives.

Key Results are specific, measurable, and time-bound outcomes that a product team aims to achieve in order to track progress towards a larger goal or objective.

Key Success Factors in Product Management refer to the critical elements that must be in place for a product to succeed in the market. These factors can include things like market research, competitive analysis, product design, pricing strategy, and marketing tactics.

Key performance indicators (KPIs) are measurable values that demonstrate how effectively a company is achieving its key business objectives. KPIs are used to evaluate the success of a product or service and help identify areas for improvement.

A Kickoff Meeting is a meeting held at the beginning of a project or product development cycle where the team gathers to align on goals, objectives, timelines, and responsibilities. It sets the tone for the project and ensures everyone is on the same page.

A kill switch is a feature in a product that allows the product owner or administrator to remotely disable the product or a specific feature in the product in case of an emergency or security threat.

A knowledge base is a centralized repository of information that is used to store, organize, and share knowledge and information within an organization. It is a tool used by product managers to collect and maintain information about their products, customers, and market trends.

Knowledge Management in Product Management refers to the process of identifying, capturing, organizing, and sharing knowledge and information within an organization to improve decision-making, problem-solving, and innovation.

Known Unknowns refer to the risks and uncertainties that are identified and acknowledged by a product manager, but cannot be quantified or predicted with certainty. These uncertainties can impact the success of a product and must be managed accordingly.

A landing page is a standalone web page designed specifically for a marketing or advertising campaign. It is created with the intention of driving visitors to take a specific action, such as filling out a form or making a purchase.

A launch plan is a comprehensive strategy outlining the steps and tactics necessary to successfully introduce a new product to the market. It includes details on target audience, marketing channels, pricing, distribution, and more.

LeSS (Large Scale Scrum) is a framework for scaling Scrum to larger organizations, involving multiple teams working on the same product or project.

A Lead Product Manager is a high-level management position responsible for overseeing a team of product managers throughout the product development process.

Lead time refers to the amount of time it takes for a product to be manufactured and delivered to the customer, from the moment the order is placed to the moment it is received. It includes all the steps involved in the production process, such as sourcing materials, manufacturing, and shipping.

Lead generation is the process of identifying and cultivating potential customers for a business's products or services. It involves capturing interest in a product or service for the purpose of developing a sales pipeline.

Lead qualification is the process of determining whether a potential customer is a good fit for a product or service based on their needs, budget, authority, and timeline.

Lean Analytics is a methodology that focuses on using data to drive decision-making and product development in a lean startup. It involves measuring and analyzing key metrics to gain insights into customer behavior and product performance, and using those insights to make data-driven decisions about product development and growth.

Lean MVP is a minimum viable product that has only the core features necessary to test the product hypothesis and gather feedback from early adopters. It is developed quickly and with minimal resources to validate the product idea before investing significant time and money into development.

Lean Product Development is a methodology that focuses on creating products with the least amount of waste possible. It emphasizes rapid prototyping, customer feedback, and continuous improvement to deliver products that meet customer needs efficiently and effectively.

Lean Software Development is a methodology that aims to minimize waste while maximizing customer value by continuously delivering small releases and actively involving the customer in the development process.

Lean UX is a methodology that focuses on reducing waste in the product development process by incorporating user feedback early and often, and iterating quickly to create a user-centered design.

The Lean Canvas is a one-page business plan template that helps product managers and entrepreneurs quickly identify and communicate key elements of their product or business idea, including customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key metrics, cost structure, and unique selling points.

Lean metrics are a set of measurements used by product managers to evaluate the effectiveness of their product development process. These metrics focus on minimizing waste and maximizing value for the customer, and can include metrics such as cycle time, lead time, and defect rate.

Lean principles are a set of methodologies and practices aimed at minimizing waste and maximizing value in product development. This approach emphasizes continuous improvement, customer focus, and a data-driven decision-making process.

Lean startup is a methodology for developing businesses and products that aims to shorten product development cycles and rapidly discover if a proposed business model is viable; this is achieved by adopting a combination of business-hypothesis-driven experimentation, iterative product releases, and validated learning.

The Learning Loop in Product Management is a continuous process of gathering customer feedback, analyzing it, and using the insights to improve the product. It involves testing hypotheses, measuring results, and iterating on the product to achieve better outcomes.

A legacy system is an outdated technology or software that is still in use because it is too expensive or difficult to replace. These systems often lack modern features and can be a hindrance to innovation and progress.

LifeTime Value (LTV) is the total amount of revenue a customer is expected to generate for a business over the course of their relationship. It takes into account factors such as customer retention, repeat purchases, and the average amount spent per transaction.

Lifecycle Management is the process of managing a product from its conception to its retirement. It involves planning, development, launch, growth, maturity, and eventual decline or discontinuation of the product.

Line Extension is a product management strategy where a company introduces additional variations of an existing product line to cater to different customer needs or preferences.

Localization is the process of adapting a product or service to meet the language, cultural, and other specific requirements of a particular country or region.

A long-tail product is a niche product that has a low sales volume but a high profit margin, typically sold through online channels and targeted towards a specific customer segment.

Loss aversion is a cognitive bias where people feel the pain of loss more strongly than the pleasure of gain, leading them to avoid losses rather than seeking gains.

A low-fidelity prototype is a basic, rough, and incomplete representation of a product that is used to test and validate early design concepts and ideas. It is typically created using simple materials and tools, such as paper, cardboard, or wireframes, and is meant to be quick and easy to modify based on feedback.

MVP Testing stands for Minimum Viable Product Testing. It is a process of testing the basic version of a product with a limited set of features to gather feedback from early adopters and make improvements before launching the final product.

An MVP Workshop is a collaborative session where product managers, designers, developers, and stakeholders come together to define the Minimum Viable Product (MVP) for a new product or feature. The workshop aims to identify the core features and functionalities that will deliver the most value to users and the business, while minimizing development time and cost.

The MVP canvas is a tool used by product managers to define the minimum viable product (MVP) by identifying the key features, target users, and value proposition of the product. It helps in prioritizing the features and validating the product idea before investing resources in development.

Machine Learning is a type of artificial intelligence that allows software applications to learn from the data and become more accurate in predicting outcomes without human intervention.

Marginal Gains is a product management strategy that focuses on making small, incremental improvements in various areas of a product or process, with the goal of achieving significant overall improvement.

Market Requirements Document (MRD) is a document that outlines the needs, expectations, and demands of customers in the target market. It serves as a vital planning tool for product management teams to ensure products meet customer needs and are successful in the market.

Market Validation is a process of testing a new product or service idea with potential customers to ensure that there is a demand for it and that it fits with their needs and preferences.

Market research is the process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information about a market, product, or service to be offered for sale in that market. It involves identifying customer needs and preferences, evaluating competitors, and assessing market trends to inform product development and marketing strategies.

Market segmentation is the process of dividing a market into smaller groups of consumers with similar needs or characteristics, who are likely to exhibit similar purchase behavior.

Market sizing is the process of estimating the potential demand for a product or service in a particular market. It involves analyzing market data and trends to determine the size of the target market and the potential revenue that can be generated.

A market sizing model is a tool used by product managers to estimate the potential market size for a new product or service. It involves analyzing market data, such as demographics and consumer behavior, to determine the size of the target market and the potential revenue that can be generated.

Marketing in Product Management refers to the process of identifying, anticipating, and satisfying customer needs and wants through the creation, promotion, and distribution of a product or service.

The marketing funnel is a model that represents the journey of a potential customer from initial awareness of a product or service to the eventual conversion into a paying customer. It is typically divided into stages such as awareness, consideration, and decision, with the goal of guiding the customer through each stage with targeted marketing efforts.

The marketing mix refers to the set of tactics and tools that a product manager uses to promote their product, including the four Ps: product, price, promotion, and place.

A marketing plan is a comprehensive document or blueprint that outlines a company's advertising and marketing efforts for the coming year. It describes business activities involved in accomplishing specific marketing objectives within a set time frame.

Marketing strategy refers to a company's overall game plan for reaching potential customers and turning them into loyal customers of the product or service being offered. It involves identifying the target audience, understanding their needs and preferences, and developing a plan to promote the product or service in a way that resonates with the target audience.

A marketing tactic is a specific action or strategy used to promote a product or service. It is designed to influence consumer behavior and increase sales or brand awareness. Examples of marketing tactics include advertising, social media campaigns, email marketing, and promotional events.

Metadata is data that provides information about other data. It includes information such as the title, author, date created, and keywords of a document or file. Metadata is used to help organize and manage large amounts of data.

Method of Procedure (MOP) is a structured approach used by product managers to describe the detailed steps and procedures required to complete a specific task or project.

Metrics are quantifiable measurements used to track and assess the performance of a product or feature. They provide insights into user behavior, product usage, and overall business impact, helping product managers make data-driven decisions.

Microservices are a software development technique where applications are built as a collection of small, independent services that communicate with each other through APIs. Each service is designed to perform a specific task and can be deployed and scaled independently.

Milestones are specific points in a product's development that are used to measure progress and success. They are often used to track key events or deliverables and help ensure that a product is meeting its goals and objectives.

Mind Mapping is a visual brainstorming technique used to organize and structure ideas. It involves creating a diagram that connects different concepts and ideas together, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of a particular topic or problem.

A Minimal Viable Product (MVP) is a version of a product with just enough features to satisfy early customers and provide feedback for future product development iterations.

Minimum Desirable Product (MDP) is a product management strategy that focuses on creating a product with the minimum set of features that still delivers a desirable user experience. It aims to validate the product idea and gather feedback from early adopters before investing in further development.

Minimum Marketable Feature (MMF) is the smallest set of functionality in a product that can be released to the market and provide value to the customer.

Minimum Viable Experience (MVE) is a product management approach that focuses on creating the minimum viable version of an experience for a user or customer.

Minimum Viable Feature (MVF) is the smallest set of features that can be developed to validate a product idea or test user feedback.

Minimum Viable Product (MVP) is a product development strategy in which a new product is developed with sufficient features to satisfy early adopters. It allows the product team to test the market with a basic version of the product before investing more time and resources into a fully-featured product.

A mission statement is a concise statement that defines the purpose and objectives of a product or company. It outlines the company's overall strategy and provides a framework for decision-making and goal-setting.

The MoSCoW Method is a prioritization technique used in product management to categorize features or requirements into four groups: Must have, Should have, Could have, and Won't have. This helps teams focus on delivering the most important features first.

MoSCoW Prioritization is a technique used in product management to prioritize tasks based on their importance. It stands for Must have, Should have, Could have, and Won't have. This method helps teams focus on the most critical tasks and allocate resources accordingly.

Mobile Optimization refers to the process of designing and adapting a website or application to ensure optimal performance and user experience on mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets.

A mockup is a visual representation of a product or feature that is used to test and validate design ideas before development begins. It can be a rough sketch or a detailed digital model, and is often used in the early stages of product development to gather feedback and make improvements.

Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a software design pattern that separates an application into three interconnected components: the model, the view, and the controller. The model represents the data and business logic of the application, the view displays the data to the user, and the controller handles user input and updates the model and view accordingly.

Monetization refers to the process of generating revenue from a product or service, typically through the implementation of pricing strategies, advertising, or other revenue-generating models.

Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR) is the predictable and recurring revenue generated by a subscription-based business model, calculated by multiplying the number of subscribers by the monthly subscription fee.

Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR) is a metric used in product management to calculate the total revenue earned on a monthly basis from customers that are on subscription or recurring billing. It's a key performance indicator used to monitor the growth of a SaaS business.

A multi-sided platform is a type of business model that facilitates interactions between two or more distinct groups of customers. These platforms create value by enabling direct interactions between these groups, which can include buyers and sellers, producers and consumers, or service providers and users.

Multivariate Testing is a technique used in product management to test multiple variations of a product or feature simultaneously in order to determine which combination of elements will yield the best results.

NPS (Net Promoter Score) is a metric used to measure customer loyalty and satisfaction by asking customers how likely they are to recommend a product or service to others on a scale of 0-10. The score is calculated by subtracting the percentage of detractors (those who score 0-6) from the percentage of promoters (those who score 9-10).

Narrative Fallacy is a cognitive bias where individuals create a story or narrative to explain past events, even if the events are random or unconnected. This can lead to faulty decision-making and inaccurate predictions about the future.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence that focuses on the interaction between computers and humans using natural language. It involves the processing and analysis of large amounts of natural language data to extract meaning and insights.

Nearshoring is the practice of outsourcing business processes or services to a nearby country, often for cost savings or to access specialized talent while maintaining geographic proximity.

Needfinding is the process of identifying and understanding the needs, wants, and desires of customers in order to develop products that meet those needs. It involves gathering information through various research methods and using that information to inform product development decisions.

Needs Assessment is the process of identifying and evaluating the needs and requirements of customers or users in order to develop products or services that meet those needs.

Negative Feedback in Product Management refers to the process of providing constructive criticism or pointing out flaws in a product or feature, in order to improve it and meet customer needs better.

Net Promoter Score (NPS) is a metric used in product management to measure customer loyalty and satisfaction by asking them how likely they are to recommend the product or service to friends and family.

Network Effect refers to the phenomenon where the value of a product or service increases as more people use it. This effect can create a virtuous cycle where more users attract even more users, leading to exponential growth.

New Product Development (NPD) is the process of creating and bringing a new product to the market, from ideation to launch. It involves market research, product design, testing, and commercialization.

Next Best Action (NBA) is a decision-making process used in product management to determine the most appropriate action to take for a specific customer or situation based on data analysis and business rules.

A niche market is a small, specialized segment of a larger market that can be targeted by a product or service that meets their specific needs or preferences.

A niche product is a product that is designed to meet the specific needs of a small and specialized market segment, rather than a mass market. It is often characterized by its unique features, high price point, and limited distribution channels.

Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform, back-end JavaScript runtime environment that executes JavaScript code outside a web browser.

A Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) is a legal contract between two or more parties that outlines confidential material, knowledge, or information that the parties wish to share with one another for certain purposes, but wish to restrict access to or by third parties.

Non-Functional Requirements are the characteristics that a product must have, such as performance, usability, security, and reliability, that are not related to its specific functionality.

Non-Linear Growth is a phenomenon where the growth of a product or company is not proportional to the increase in resources or inputs. It occurs when a product gains momentum and experiences exponential growth, often due to network effects or viral marketing.

Nonlinear Scaling is a product management strategy where the growth of a product or feature is not directly proportional to the resources invested. Instead, the growth curve is exponential, with a small investment resulting in significant growth, followed by diminishing returns as the product reaches saturation.

The North Star Metric is a single metric that represents the core value that a product delivers to its customers. It is used as a guiding light for product development and decision-making, and helps to align the entire organization around a common goal.

Nurturing Leads refers to the process of building relationships with potential customers and guiding them through the sales funnel with the goal of converting them into paying customers.

OKR (Objectives and Key Results) is a goal-setting framework used by product management teams to define and track objectives and their measurable outcomes, or key results. It helps teams align their efforts towards a common goal and provides a way to measure progress and success.

The OODA Loop is a decision-making framework that stands for Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act. It is used in product management to help teams make quick and effective decisions by continuously gathering information, analyzing it, and adapting to changing circumstances.

Objection Handling is the process of addressing and overcoming objections or concerns that potential customers may have about a product or service, in order to increase sales and improve customer satisfaction.

Objectives and Key Results (OKRs) is a management framework used to set measurable goals and track their progress in order to achieve a defined objective.

Objectives and Key Results (OKRs) is a goal-setting framework used by product management teams to define and track objectives and their outcomes. It involves setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) objectives and identifying key results that will indicate progress towards achieving those objectives.

Observability in Product Management refers to the ability to measure and understand how a product is being used by customers, including its performance, user behavior, and any issues or errors that arise. This data is used to inform product decisions and improve the overall user experience.

Offshoring is the practice of relocating a company's business process, such as manufacturing or customer support, to a foreign country in order to take advantage of lower labor costs and other economic factors.

Onboarding is the process of integrating new users or customers into a product or service, providing them with the necessary information and resources to become familiar with the product and its features.

One-Click Purchase is a feature that allows customers to make a purchase with a single click, without the need to enter their payment and shipping information again.

Open Innovation is a product management approach that involves collaborating with external parties to generate new ideas, develop products, and bring them to market. It involves sharing knowledge, resources, and risks with partners to create value for all parties involved.

Operational Efficiency refers to the ability of a product or process to operate in a cost-effective manner while maintaining high levels of quality and productivity.

Operational Risk refers to the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, and systems or from external events. It includes risks such as fraud, human error, system failures, and legal and regulatory risks.

Opportunity Assessment is the process of evaluating potential product opportunities to determine their viability and potential impact on the business. It involves analyzing market trends, customer needs, and competitive landscape to identify gaps and opportunities for new or improved products.

Opportunity cost is the potential benefit that is foregone when choosing one option over another. It is the value of the next best alternative that must be given up in order to pursue a certain action.

Opportunity Score is a metric used by product managers to evaluate the potential of a new product or feature by assessing factors such as market size, competition, and customer demand.

Opportunity Scoring is a product management technique used to evaluate and prioritize potential opportunities for a product.

Opportunity Solution Tree is a tool used in product management to map out problems and corresponding solutions in a tree format. It helps in identifying opportunities for product innovation and simplifying complex problem-solving processes.

Opt-In is a process of obtaining consent from a user or customer to receive marketing or promotional messages from a company or organization. It involves the user actively choosing to subscribe or sign up for the communication.

Organizational Alignment in Product Management refers to the process of ensuring that all departments and teams within a company are working towards the same goals and objectives, and that the product roadmap is aligned with the overall business strategy.

Outcome-based Product Management is a product management approach that focuses on achieving specific business outcomes rather than just delivering features or outputs. It involves defining clear goals and metrics, prioritizing features based on their potential impact on those goals, and continuously measuring and iterating to ensure that the product is delivering the desired outcomes.

Outsourcing is the practice of hiring a third-party company or individual to perform tasks or provide services that would traditionally be done in-house. This can include manufacturing, customer service, or software development, among other things.

PDCA Cycle, short for Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle, is a management model that outlines a continuous improvement process for businesses and organizations. It enables organizations to identify problems, develop solutions, and implement and monitor changes to achieve ongoing success.

PERT Chart is a project management tool used to plan, schedule, and control complex tasks within a project. It stands for Program Evaluation and Review Technique Chart.

Pair programming is a software development technique where two programmers work together at a single workstation. One programmer called the driver, actively writes code while the other, called the navigator, observes, reviews the code line by line, and suggests improvements. They frequently switch roles throughout the session, ensuring both are engaged and knowledgeable about the codebase.

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A patent is a legal document that gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a certain period of time, preventing others from making, using, or selling the same invention without permission.

Pay-per-click (PPC) advertising is a digital marketing model where advertisers pay a fee each time their ad is clicked. It is a way of buying visits to a website rather than attempting to earn those visits organically.

Pendo is a product management platform that allows businesses to collect and analyze user behavior data to optimize their product offerings.

A persona is a fictional representation of a target customer group that is used to guide product development decisions and marketing strategies. It includes demographic information, behavior patterns, goals, and pain points.

Pivot is a strategic change in a product's direction in response to market feedback, customer needs, or other external factors that may impact the product's success.

Planning Poker is a consensus-based technique used by Agile product teams to estimate the effort required to complete a project or feature. It is a game-like approach that allows team members to contribute their perspective and knowledge to arrive at a shared estimate, which leads to more accurate and realistic planning.

A platform is a software or hardware system that provides a foundation for other products or services to be built upon. It typically includes a set of tools, APIs, and infrastructure that enable developers to create and deploy applications or services.

A Platform Product Manager is a professional responsible for the strategic planning, development, and execution of a platform product across different teams and stakeholders within an organization.

Positioning is the process of identifying a product's unique features and benefits and communicating them to the target market in a way that differentiates it from competitors.

Pricing strategy refers to the method a company uses to price its products or services. It involves setting a price that is attractive to customers and profitable for the company, taking into account factors such as production costs, competition, and customer demand.

Prioritization is a product management technique that involves ranking tasks or features based on their importance or value to the user, business, or project goals.

A prioritization matrix is a tool used in product management to help prioritize tasks or features based on their level of importance and urgency. It typically involves assigning scores to each task or feature based on criteria such as impact, effort, and risk, and then plotting them on a matrix to determine which ones should be tackled first.

Process management involves designing, implementing, and optimizing workflows and procedures to ensure efficiency, quality, and consistency in organizational operations. It encompasses identifying, documenting, analyzing, and improving business processes to streamline operations and achieve strategic objectives.

A tangible or intangible item that is created or produced by a company, business or organization that can be sold or offered to customers.

Product Adoption refers to the overall process of introducing a new product to the market, and encouraging customers to buy and use it. It is the measurement of the degree to which a product has penetrated a specific market, and is being purchased and used by customers.

Product Analytics refers to the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data related to a product's usage, performance, and customer behavior to inform product decisions and improve its overall success.

Product Architecture is the arrangement of components and subsystems that define the product's structure and functions.

A product brief is a concise document that outlines the key features, benefits, and user experience goals of a product. It serves as a communication tool between product managers, development teams, and stakeholders.

Product consolidation is a process where a company combines multiple products or product lines into a single product offering to simplify their product offerings and improve efficiency.

Product Council refers to a team of stakeholders who gather together at regular intervals to assess a product's development and ensure alignment with business goals.

Product Critique is a process of collecting feedback from stakeholders on the performance, design, and functionality of a product

Product design is the process of creating a product’s aesthetics, functionality, and user experience. It includes every aspect of a product’s design, from its initial concept to its final production.

A product designer is responsible for designing and developing the look, feel, and functionality of a product.

Product Development is the process of creating a new product or improving an existing one through research, design, testing, and launch.

The product development cycle is the process of creating, testing, and launching a new product or service in the market.

A product development manager is a professional responsible for overseeing the entire process of product development from concept to launch.

Product Development Process (PDP) is the systematic and structured approach to designing, developing, testing, and launching a product. PDP covers various stages that are required to create and market a successful product.

Product differentiation refers to the process of developing and promoting differences between similar products in order to distinguish them from each other and attract customers.

Product Discovery is the process of identifying and validating a product idea through research, experimentation, and customer feedback to determine if it is worth pursuing.

Product Disruptor refers to the introduction of a new product or service that fundamentally changes or revolutionizes an existing market space, forcing competitors to adapt or fall behind.

Product Enablement is the process of equipping a product team with the essential skills, tools, resources, and knowledge to successfully develop, launch, and market a product.

A Product Engagement Score is a metric used by product managers to evaluate the level of interaction and activity of users with their product.

Product Excellence refers to the process of producing and marketing high-quality products that meet or exceed customer expectations and standards. It involves various activities such as defining product vision, development, launch, and continuous improvement to deliver value to customers.

Product Launch refers to the process of introducing a new product to the market. It involves various activities such as market research, product development, marketing, and sales to ensure a successful launch.

Product Launch Management refers to the process of planning, coordinating, and executing the release of a new product or service to the market.

A Product Launch Manager is a professional who manages and coordinates cross-functional teams to successfully launch a new product or service to the market.

A product launch timeline is a strategic plan that outlines the specific actions and milestones that a product development team must complete to launch a new product. It includes a detailed schedule with deadlines for product design, testing, production, marketing, and distribution.

Product Leadership is a management approach that focuses on driving innovation, customer satisfaction, and market growth through effective product development and execution.

Product Led Growth is a business strategy that focuses on using the product itself as the main driver of customer acquisition, retention, and expansion, rather than relying on traditional sales and marketing tactics.

The Product Life Cycle is a marketing concept that tracks the stages of a product's lifespan, from its development to its decline and eventual discontinuation.

Product Management Audit is an evaluation of a company's product management capabilities, processes, and practices.

Product Management Talent refers to a combination of skills, competencies, and experience necessary for individuals who manage a product from ideation to post-launch operations.

A Product Marketing Manager (PMM) is responsible for developing marketing strategies, creating product messaging, and positioning products to make them more appealing to customers.

Product Metrics refer to the quantitative measurements that help product managers analyze and understand the performance of their products. These metrics help to determine if the product is meeting its goals, identify areas for improvement and make data-driven decisions for the product roadmap.

A product mission is a statement that describes the purpose and goals of a product. It outlines the problem the product solves and the value it delivers to customers.

Product mix strategy refers to a marketing plan that a company uses to determine which products to sell, how to position them in the market, and how to allocate resources to each product based on its potential profitability.

A product operating model is the set of processes, tools and activities in a business that enable a product team to develop and support products throughout their lifecycle.

"What is a Product Operating Model?" refers to the set of processes and strategies used by a company to ensure successful development, delivery, and maintenance of their products.

"Product Ops" is a emerging function in a company's product management team. The role involves improving product development processes, allowing for efficient cross-functional collaboration, and decision-making based on data-driven insights.

Product Optimization is the process of improving the performance and profitability of a company's products through a continuous loop of testing and analysis.

Product planning is the process of defining a product strategy and roadmap based on customer and market research, as well as business goals and resources.

Product Portfolio Management is a strategic approach that helps businesses to manage their collection of products or services in a coordinated manner to achieve their objectives.

Product Portfolio Manager is a professional responsible for overseeing a company's entire product portfolio, from development and launch to end-of-life.

Product Prioritization Frameworks are a set of guidelines or methodologies used by product managers to prioritize features, enhancements, and bug fixes for a product. These frameworks help product managers make data-driven decisions by considering factors such as customer needs, business goals, technical feasibility, and market trends.

Product Process Matrix is a tool used by product managers to assess the potential of a new product or optimize an existing one by analyzing the impact of product and process decisions on cost, speed, quality, and flexibility.

Product Profitability is a measurement of the profitability of a product or group of products calculated by subtracting the total cost of production, marketing and selling from the total revenue generated. The result is the profit margin of a product which can help managers to decide whether to continue the production of the product or to discontinue it.

The Product Requirements Document (PRD) is a written document that outlines the requirements, features, and functionality of a product. It serves as a guide for the development team and stakeholders, ensuring that everyone is aligned on the goals and objectives of the product.

A Product Requirements Document (PRD) is a formal document that outlines the requirements, features, and functionality of a product. It serves as a guide for the development team and ensures that all stakeholders are aligned on the product vision and goals.

Product Requirements Management refers to the process of identifying, documenting, prioritizing, tracking and managing the requirements, needs and expectations of a product throughout its lifecycle.

Product sense is the ability to understand user needs, identify gaps in the market, and make informed decisions about product development and strategy.

Product Specs specify the features, functionalities, and requirements of a product being developed by a team to ensure that it meets the needs of the stakeholders and end-users.

Product Stack refers to a visual representation of all the products offered by a company that are part of its overall product portfolio.

A product strategist is responsible for developing and executing a long-term product vision and strategy that aligns with a company's overall goals, as well as identifying new market opportunities and enhancing existing products.

A product strategy framework is a systematic approach to developing and implementing a plan to achieve long-term success for a product. It involves defining the product vision, identifying target customers, analyzing the market, developing a roadmap, and executing the plan.

Product Tree refers to a visual representation of a product hierarchy that shows the relationships between the items in a product lineup. It is a useful tool for product managers to organize and plan their product offerings.

Product Vision is a high-level statement that describes the long-term goals and aspirations of a product. It outlines the purpose, target customers, and unique value proposition of the product, and serves as a guiding light for the product development team.

Product vulnerability refers to the susceptibility of a product to risks that can compromise its security, potential harm and reputation.

The product backlog is a prioritized list of features, enhancements, and bug fixes that a product team maintains for a product. It serves as the single source of truth for the product and guides the team's work in delivering value to customers.

Product lifecycle refers to the stages a product goes through from its conception to its eventual retirement. These stages include development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.

A product manager is responsible for the strategy, roadmap, and feature definition of a product or product line. They work closely with cross-functional teams, including engineering, design, and marketing, to ensure a product's success in the market.

The product owner is the person responsible for defining and prioritizing the product backlog and ensuring that the development team delivers the most valuable features and functionality first.

Product positioning is the process of identifying a product's unique value proposition and target market, and creating a strategy to communicate that value proposition to the target market in a way that differentiates the product from competitors.

A product roadmap is a high-level visual summary that outlines the vision and direction of a product offering over time. It communicates the why and what behind what you’re building. A roadmap is a guiding strategic document as well as a plan for executing the strategy.

Product strategy is a long-term plan for the development and management of a product or product portfolio. It outlines the goals, target market, competitive landscape, and differentiation of the product to ensure its success in the market.

Product-Centric is a strategic approach to product management that places the product at the center of decision-making and focuses on continuously optimizing the product to achieve business goals.

Product-Led Organization is a company approach that prioritizes delivering value through the product, with cross-functional product teams focused on customer success and growth.

Product-market fit is the degree to which a product satisfies the demands of the market it is intended for, and is able to gain traction and generate revenue.

The Product-market fit matrix is a tool used by product managers to evaluate the fit between a product and its target market. It helps to identify the areas where the product needs improvement to better meet the needs of the market.

A product-market fit survey is a research tool used by product managers to determine how well their product meets the needs of their target market. It involves gathering feedback from customers to identify areas of improvement and ensure that the product is aligned with market demand.

Product-market fit survey questions are a set of questions designed to gather feedback from potential customers to determine if a product meets their needs and solves their problems. These surveys help product managers understand if their product is a good fit for the market and identify areas for improvement.

Program management refers to the coordination and management of multiple related projects that are aligned with organizational goals and objectives. It involves overseeing interdependent projects, managing shared resources, and ensuring that the collective effort is delivering intended benefits.

A Program Manager is a professional who oversees a group of related projects to achieve strategic objectives. They are responsible for planning, coordinating, and tracking the program's progress while managing risks and dependencies between the different projects within the program.

Project Management is the process of planning, organizing, and managing resources to complete a specific project within defined scope, time, and budget constraints.

A project manager is responsible for planning, executing, and closing projects within an organization. This involves coordinating team members, stakeholders, and resources to ensure projects are completed on time, within budget, and to the satisfaction of all involved parties.

Project Roadmap is a visual representation of a project's goals, timelines, and deliverables that shows the high-level overview of the project's progress, targets, and milestones.

Prototyping is the process of creating a preliminary model or sample of a product to test and validate its design, functionality, and usability before the final product is developed and released to the market.

Public relations (PR) in Product Management refers to the strategic communication between a company and its stakeholders, including customers, investors, and the media, with the goal of building and maintaining a positive image and reputation for the company and its products.

Quality Assurance in Product Management refers to the process of ensuring that a product meets the desired level of quality and performance before it is released to the market. This involves testing the product for defects, identifying areas for improvement, and making necessary changes to ensure customer satisfaction.

Quality Assurance (QA) in Product Management refers to the process of ensuring that a product meets the required quality standards and specifications. It involves testing the product for defects, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing corrective measures to enhance the product's quality.

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a product management technique that helps in translating customer requirements into technical specifications for a product or service. It involves a structured approach to identify customer needs, prioritize them, and align them with the product development process.

Quantitative Analysis in Product Management refers to the use of numerical data and statistical methods to measure and analyze product performance, customer behavior, and market trends.

Quick Wins refer to small, achievable goals that can be accomplished quickly and easily by a product team. These wins can help build momentum and confidence, and can be used to demonstrate progress to stakeholders.

RICE Scoring is a product management framework used to prioritize features or projects based on their potential impact, confidence in the outcome, and the resources required to implement them. RICE stands for Reach, Impact, Confidence, and Effort.

RICE Scoring Model is a prioritization framework used by product managers to evaluate potential initiatives in terms of reach, impact, confidence, and effort.

Rapid Application Development (RAD) is a software development methodology that emphasizes iterative prototyping and quick feedback cycles to deliver applications in a fraction of the time traditional methods would take.

Rapid experimentation is an iterative process used in product management to test new ideas, features or products quickly and efficiently, usually via A/B testing or other scientific methods.

Rapid Prototyping is the process of quickly creating a working model of a product or feature in order to test and validate its design and functionality before investing significant time and resources into development.

Rational Product Management is a systematic approach to managing product development and release by analyzing data, measuring performance, and optimizing resources.

Real Options is a concept in Product Management that refers to the ability to make decisions based on the value of future opportunities, rather than just the value of present options.

Refactoring is the process of restructuring existing code without changing its external behavior to improve its readability, maintainability, and performance.

Regression Testing is the process of testing changes made to a product to ensure that previously working functionality has not been impacted. It involves re-executing test cases that were previously passed to ensure that they still pass after the changes have been made.

Release Demo is the presentation of the latest version of a software or product to stakeholders, customers, and end-users.

Release Management is the process of planning, scheduling, coordinating, and controlling the deployment of software releases to production environments, ensuring that the release is delivered on time, within budget, and with the desired quality.

Release Notes are a document that outlines the changes, bug fixes, and new features included in a software release. They are typically provided to users or customers to inform them of what has been updated in the product.

A release plan is a document that outlines the schedule and scope of a product release, including the features and functionality that will be included in the release, the timeline for development and testing, and any dependencies or risks that may impact the release.

A release train is a planning and delivery mechanism used in Agile software development that aligns multiple teams to a common release schedule. It ensures that all teams are working towards the same goal and that the product is delivered on time and with high quality.

Release window refers to a specific period of time during which a product or software release is scheduled to be launched. It is a predetermined timeframe that is agreed upon by the product management team and stakeholders to ensure that the release is delivered on time and meets the desired quality standards.

Remote product management refers to the practice of overseeing and managing product development processes, teams, and strategies remotely, often utilizing digital collaboration tools and technologies. In various industries, such as technology and software development, remote product management allows teams to work efficiently across geographical locations, enabling flexibility and access to global talent pools.

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Requirements Analysis is the process of identifying, documenting, and prioritizing the needs and wants of stakeholders in order to develop a product that meets their expectations and requirements.

Requirements Gathering is the process of identifying, analyzing, and documenting the needs and constraints of stakeholders for a product or project, in order to guide the development and delivery of a successful solution.

A Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM) is a document used to track and manage the relationship between requirements and other artifacts throughout the product development lifecycle.

Resource allocation in product management refers to the process of assigning and distributing resources, such as time, money, and personnel, to various tasks and projects in order to optimize productivity and achieve business goals.

Responsive Design is an approach to web design that ensures a website is easily viewable and usable on any device, regardless of screen size or orientation.

Retention refers to the ability of a company to keep existing customers engaged and loyal to their brand.

Retention Rate is the percentage of customers or users who continue to use a product or service over a given period of time. It is a key metric for measuring customer loyalty and the effectiveness of a company's efforts to retain customers.

Retrospective is a product management technique where the team reflects on the recent sprint or project to identify what went well, what didn't go well, and how to improve in the future.

Return on Investment (ROI) is a performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency or profitability of an investment. It measures the amount of return on an investment relative to the investment's cost.

Revenue Growth refers to the increase in a company's income over a period of time, typically measured in quarters or years. It is a key metric for evaluating a company's financial health and success.

A revenue model is a framework for generating income from a product or service. It outlines the pricing strategy, target market, and revenue streams for a product or service.

Risk Management in Product Management refers to the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential risks that may impact the success of a product. It involves analyzing the likelihood and impact of risks and developing strategies to minimize their effects.

A roadmap is a high-level visual representation of a product's strategic direction, outlining the goals and objectives of the product over time. It provides a framework for decision-making and helps align stakeholders around a common vision.

Roadmap milestones are specific goals or objectives that a product team aims to achieve at a certain point in time. These milestones help to track progress and ensure that the team is on track to meet the overall product roadmap.

Roadmap Revolution is a product management methodology that focuses on creating a strategic product roadmap that aligns with the company's overarching goals and objectives.

A Roadmap theme is a high-level category or area of focus within a product roadmap that helps to organize and prioritize initiatives and goals. It provides a framework for product managers to communicate the strategic direction of the product to stakeholders.

A Roadmapping Tool is a software used by product managers to develop a plan of action and prioritize the features and functionalities of a product.

Root Cause Analysis is a problem-solving technique used to identify the underlying cause of a problem or issue. It involves investigating the symptoms of a problem and tracing them back to their source in order to address the root cause and prevent the problem from recurring.

A runbook is a document or set of instructions that describe how to carry out a particular process or procedure. In product management, a runbook may be used to outline the steps required to launch a new product or to manage ongoing product operations.

SMART goal setting is a technique for creating well-defined goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.

SWOT analysis is a strategic planning technique used to identify and evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of a product or business. It helps product managers to make informed decisions and develop effective strategies.

SaaS (Software as a Service) is a software delivery model where the software is hosted on a cloud-based server and accessed through the internet, allowing users to access the software from anywhere with an internet connection.

SaaS Product Management is the process of overseeing the entire lifecycle of a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) product, from ideation and development to launch, growth, and ongoing improvement. It involves market research, user needs analysis, feature development, pricing strategy, and user feedback integration.

SaaS Project Management refers to applying project management principles specifically within the context of developing and delivering Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) products. It involves planning, organizing, executing, and monitoring tasks associated with the SaaS product lifecycle, including development, release, iteration, and ongoing maintenance.

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Sales in Product Management refers to the process of selling the product to customers, which involves identifying potential customers, understanding their needs, and persuading them to make a purchase.

Sales Enablement is the process of providing sales teams with the resources and tools they need to effectively engage with customers and close deals.

A sales funnel is a visual representation of the customer journey, from initial awareness of a product or service to eventual conversion. It outlines the various stages in the buying process, and helps businesses to track the progress of their leads and identify areas for improvement.

Scalability refers to the ability of a product or system to handle increasing amounts of work or traffic without compromising performance or reliability.

Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) is a methodology for managing and coordinating large-scale projects involving multiple Agile teams.

Scope creep refers to the gradual, uncontrolled expansion of a project's goals and deliverables beyond its original scope.

Scrum is an agile framework for managing and completing complex projects. It emphasizes teamwork, collaboration, and iterative progress towards a well-defined goal.

Scrum Agile Framework is a methodology that enables teams to work collaboratively, adapt to change, and produce high-quality results.

Scrum Meeting is a daily meeting in agile software development where team members discuss progress, plan for the day's work, and address issues.

A Scrum artifact is a tangible and visible item created during the Scrum process, such as the product backlog, sprint backlog, and increment. These artifacts help the Scrum team to plan, track progress, and communicate effectively.

Scrum event is a time-boxed event in the Scrum framework where the team plans, inspects, and adapts their work. It includes Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective.

A Scrum master is a facilitator for an agile development team. They are responsible for ensuring that the team follows Scrum processes, and that the team is productive, and that the team is continuously improving.

A Scrum team is a cross-functional group of individuals who work together to deliver a potentially shippable product increment at the end of each sprint. The team is self-organizing and responsible for managing their own work and progress towards the sprint goal.

Scrumban is a hybrid methodology that combines aspects of Scrum and Kanban project management frameworks. It aims to provide flexibility while still retaining elements of Agile methodologies.

Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving the quantity and quality of traffic to a website from search engines through organic search results.

A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a contract between a service provider and a customer that outlines the level of service that will be provided, including metrics such as uptime, response time, and resolution time. It also includes consequences for failing to meet the agreed-upon service levels.

Shadow IT refers to the use of technology applications, systems or services that are not approved by an organization's IT department but are used by employees for work-related purposes. These unapproved technologies are often brought into the organization by individual employees either for convenience, productivity or because the IT department is too slow in delivering the required technology solutions.

The Shape Up Method is a product development framework created by Basecamp that emphasizes problem solving and team collaboration while also prioritizing flexibility and autonomy for teams.

Shipyard Engine is an open-source tool used for deploying and managing Docker containers.

Six Sigma is a data-driven methodology used to improve business processes by identifying and removing the causes of defects and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes.

Social media marketing is the process of promoting a product or service through social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. It involves creating and sharing content, engaging with followers, and analyzing metrics to improve marketing strategies.

The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used by software development teams to design, develop, test, and deploy high-quality software. It typically includes stages such as planning, requirements gathering, design, coding, testing, and maintenance.

A sprint is a time-boxed period of product development where a cross-functional team works to complete a set amount of work, typically lasting 1-4 weeks. The goal of a sprint is to deliver a potentially shippable product increment.

A Sprint Backlog is the set of items that a development team has committed to delivering during a sprint or iteration. These items are typically user stories or tasks and are based on the priorities set by the product owner.

The Sprint Goal is a short term objective set for a Scrum team to achieve during a specific sprint, based on the Product Goal.

Sprint Planning is a Product Management term that refers to the process of planning and prioritizing work for a specific period of time, usually 1-4 weeks, in order to achieve a set of goals or objectives. It involves the Product Manager and the development team collaborating to determine what work will be done during the sprint, how it will be done, and what resources will be required.

Sprints are time-boxed periods of work, usually one to four weeks long, during which a product team focuses on completing a specific set of tasks. Sprints are a key component of the Agile development methodology.

A stakeholder is any individual or group that has an interest in the success of a product, including customers, employees, investors, partners, and suppliers.

Stakeholder analysis refers to the process of identifying key stakeholders, understanding their needs and concerns, and developing strategies to engage and manage their expectations.

Stakeholder management is the practice of identifying all stakeholders who are affected by a business or project and developing strategies to communicate and engage with them effectively.

Standup is a daily scrum meeting held by product teams to discuss progress, plans, and challenges on their tasks and projects.

Story Mapping is a Agile product management technique used to visualize and prioritize user stories based on customer experience and product goals

Story Points represent the effort required to complete a user story based on complexity, uncertainty, and other factors.

Storyboarding is a visual tool used in product management to illustrate user journeys, workflows, and features. It involves creating a series of sketches or images that depict the various stages of a user's interaction with a product or service.

Strategic Planning in Product Management is the process of defining the long-term goals and objectives of a product, and developing a roadmap to achieve those goals through a series of actionable steps.

Success Metrics are quantifiable measurements used to evaluate the success of a product or feature. These metrics can include user engagement, revenue, customer satisfaction, and other key performance indicators (KPIs).

Sunk Cost is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered, regardless of future outcomes.

Surveys are a research method used by product managers to gather feedback from customers and stakeholders. They typically involve a set of questions designed to collect data on user preferences, behaviors, and opinions, which can then be used to inform product development decisions.

System Integration is the process of connecting different subsystems or components within a larger system to work together seamlessly. It involves ensuring that all the components are compatible and can communicate with each other effectively.

Target Market refers to a specific group of consumers or businesses that a product or service is intended to serve. It is the segment of the overall market that a company has decided to focus its marketing efforts on in order to maximize sales and profitability.

Team Management in Product Management refers to the process of overseeing and coordinating the work of a team of individuals to achieve the goals and objectives of a product. It involves assigning tasks, setting deadlines, providing feedback, and ensuring effective communication within the team.

Technical Debt is a metaphorical term used in software development to describe the accumulated cost of maintaining and fixing code that was written quickly and without proper consideration for long-term maintainability. It is the cost of taking shortcuts in the development process that will eventually need to be paid back with interest.

A Technical Product Manager is responsible for managing the development, launch, and maintenance of technology-based products. They have both technical and business expertise and are responsible for bridging the gap between the development team and business stakeholders.

Technical Specifications refer to a detailed description of the technical requirements and features of a product, including dimensions, materials, performance standards, and other technical details necessary for the development and production of the product.

Test Cases are a set of conditions or variables under which a product or system is tested to ensure its functionality and quality. They are designed to validate that the product meets the requirements and specifications outlined in the product roadmap and design documents.

Test Driven Development (TDD) is a software development process where tests are written before the code is developed. The tests are used to guide the development process and ensure that the code meets the requirements specified by the tests.

The 4 Ds of Time Management is a popular method for prioritizing tasks based on their urgency and importance.

The User Is Drunk is a design and testing technique used in product management to ensure user-friendliness and simplicity of products.

A theme is a high-level strategic objective or goal that a product team works towards, often spanning multiple releases or sprints. It provides a unifying vision for the product and helps guide decision-making and prioritization.

Thought Leadership refers to the process of establishing oneself or one's company as an expert in a particular industry or field by creating and sharing innovative ideas, insights, and perspectives through various channels such as blogs, social media, and public speaking.

Time-to-Market (TTM) is the amount of time it takes for a product to be developed, tested, and released to the market. It is a critical metric for product management as it directly impacts a product's success and competitiveness.

Timeline Roadmap is a visual representation of the project timeline indicating key milestones and deadline dates for each phase of the project’s lifecycle.

Top of Funnel refers to the initial stage of the customer journey where potential customers become aware of a product or service. It involves creating brand awareness and generating leads through various marketing channels such as social media, advertising, and content marketing.

Top-down Product Strategy is a product management approach that starts with the company's overall business goals and then works downwards to determine the product strategy that will help achieve those goals.

Total Addressable Market (TAM) refers to the total market demand for a product or service, which includes all potential customers or users within a given geographical area or industry. It represents the maximum revenue opportunity available to a company if they were to capture 100% market share.

Trade show marketing refers to the process of promoting a product or service through exhibitions, conferences, and other events where businesses showcase their offerings to potential customers and partners.

Trade-offs in Product Management refer to the decisions made between two or more options, where choosing one option means sacrificing another. It involves weighing the pros and cons of each option and selecting the one that best aligns with the product goals and objectives.

Training in Product Management refers to the process of educating and developing the skills of product managers to effectively manage the product lifecycle, understand customer needs, and make data-driven decisions.

Transactional Email refers to automated emails that are triggered by specific user actions or events, such as a welcome email after signing up for a service or a receipt after making a purchase. These emails are typically personalized and contain important information related to the user's interaction with the product or service.

Transparency in Product Management refers to the practice of openly sharing information about the product development process, including goals, progress, and challenges, with stakeholders such as customers, team members, and executives.

Tribe Model Management is a product management model that organizes teams of managers and designers around specific product areas or features.

Trust in Product Management refers to the confidence and reliance that customers, stakeholders, and team members have in the product manager's decisions, actions, and leadership. It is built through transparency, consistency, and accountability.

Turnover rate refers to the percentage of employees who leave an organization during a certain period of time.

A UX designer is a professional responsible for designing the user experience of a product, often working closely with product managers and developers. They typically create wireframes, prototypes, and conduct research to inform design decisions.

Unique Selling Proposition (USP) is a marketing strategy used to differentiate a product from its competitors by identifying unique features that make it stand apart in the market.

Unique Selling Proposition (USP) is a marketing concept that refers to the unique benefit exhibited by a company, service, product or brand that enables it to stand out from competitors. It is a clear statement that describes the benefit of a product, service or brand, and how it is different from the competition.

Upselling is a sales technique where a product manager persuades a customer to purchase a more expensive or upgraded version of a product they are already interested in buying.

Uptime refers to the amount of time that a system or service is operational and available for use. It is often used as a measure of reliability and is typically expressed as a percentage of total time. For example, a system with 99.9% uptime would be available for use 99.9% of the time.

Usability testing is the process of evaluating a product or service by testing it with representative users to determine how easy or difficult it is to use.

A use case is a description of a specific scenario or situation in which a product or feature is used by a user to achieve a goal or solve a problem.

User Acquisition refers to the process of acquiring new users or customers for a product or service through various marketing and advertising channels.

User Adoption refers to the process of getting users to accept and use a new product or feature. It involves understanding user needs, providing clear communication and training, and addressing any barriers to adoption.

User Behavior Analytics (UBA) is the process of collecting and analyzing data on how users interact with a product or service, in order to gain insights into their behavior and preferences. This information can be used to improve the user experience and drive product development decisions.

User Engagement refers to the level of interaction and involvement that users have with a product or service. It measures how much users are using and enjoying the product, and can be used to inform product development decisions.

User Experience or UX refers to the overall experience a user has while interacting with a product, system, or application.

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‍User feedback refers to the insights, opinions, and suggestions provided by users about a product or service. It encompasses various forms of feedback, including surveys, user interviews, usability testing, reviews, and support tickets. User feedback is crucial for understanding user needs, identifying areas for improvement, and ultimately building a product that resonates with its target audience.

User Interface refers to the graphical and visual elements of an application or software that enable users to interact and navigate with the product effectively and efficiently.

User Journey refers to the complete path a user takes while interacting with a product or service, from initial awareness to final conversion. It involves understanding the user's needs, motivations, and pain points at each stage of the journey and designing the product accordingly.

A User Journey Map is a visual representation of the steps a user takes to achieve a specific goal while interacting with a product or service. It helps product managers understand the user's experience and identify pain points, opportunities for improvement, and areas for innovation.

User Needs refer to the requirements and expectations of the end-users of a product or service. These needs are identified through research and analysis, and are used to guide the development and improvement of the product or service.

A user persona is a fictional representation of a target user group that helps product managers understand the needs, behaviors, and goals of their users. It is based on research and data and is used to guide product development decisions.

User Requirements refer to the specific needs and expectations of the end-users for a product or service. These requirements are gathered through research and analysis and serve as the foundation for product development and design.

User Research is the process of gathering insights and feedback from users to understand their needs, behaviors, and preferences. This information is used to inform product decisions and improve the user experience.

User Stories are short, simple descriptions of a feature told from the perspective of an end user. They are used to capture user requirements and help product teams understand what the user needs and wants.

User Testing is the process of evaluating a product or feature by testing it with representative users to gather feedback and uncover usability issues.

User acceptance testing (UAT) is the process of testing a product or service by the end-users to ensure that it meets their needs and requirements before it is released to the market.

User experience (UX) refers to the overall experience a user has when interacting with a product or service, including ease of use, accessibility, and satisfaction.

User flow refers to the path a user takes through a product or website to complete a specific task. It includes all the steps, actions, and decisions a user makes along the way, from initial entry to final exit.

A user flow diagram is a visual representation of the steps a user takes to complete a task or achieve a goal on a website or application. It maps out the user's journey from start to finish, highlighting key actions, decision points, and potential roadblocks along the way.

A user focus group is a market research technique used by product managers to gather feedback and insights from a group of users about a product or service. The group is typically moderated and the feedback is used to inform product development decisions.

User interface (UI) refers to the visual and interactive elements of a product that enable users to interact with it. This includes buttons, menus, forms, and other graphical elements that allow users to navigate and perform tasks within the product.

A user interview is a qualitative research method used in product management to gather insights and feedback from users about their experiences, needs, and preferences. It involves asking open-ended questions and actively listening to the user's responses.

User research methods refer to the techniques and tools used by product managers to gather insights about the needs, behaviors, and preferences of their target users. These methods can include surveys, interviews, usability testing, and analytics, among others.

A user story is a short, simple description of a feature told from the perspective of the person who desires the new capability, usually a user or customer of the system. It typically follows a simple template: 'As a [type of user], I want [some goal] so that [some reason].'

User story acceptance criteria are a set of conditions that a user story must meet to be considered complete and accepted by the product owner. These criteria define the boundaries of the story and ensure that it meets the needs of the user and the business.

User story estimation is the process of assigning a relative size or effort to a user story, typically using a point system, in order to help the product team plan and prioritize work.

A user story map is a visual representation of the user journey that helps product managers organize and prioritize features based on user needs and goals. It consists of a series of user stories arranged in a logical flow to provide a holistic view of the product and its functionality.

User story points are a unit of measure used in agile software development to estimate the complexity of a user story. They are based on the amount of effort required to complete a task and are used to help the development team plan and prioritize their work.

User story splitting is the process of breaking down a large user story into smaller, more manageable pieces that can be completed in a single sprint. This allows for more accurate estimation and better tracking of progress.

A user survey is a research method used by product managers to gather feedback from users about their experiences with a product or service. It typically involves a set of questions that are designed to elicit specific information about user needs, preferences, and pain points.

User survey questions are a set of questions designed to gather feedback and insights from users about a product or service. These questions can be used to identify user needs, preferences, and pain points, and can help inform product development decisions.

User testing methods are techniques used by product managers to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of a product by observing how users interact with it. These methods include surveys, interviews, A/B testing, and usability testing.

User-centered design is an approach to product development that focuses on understanding the needs and behaviors of users in order to create products that are intuitive, easy to use, and meet their needs.

Validation in Product Management refers to the process of testing and verifying that a product or feature meets the needs and expectations of the target market, and is aligned with the overall product strategy and goals.

A value proposition is a statement that describes the unique benefit that a product or service provides to its customers and how it solves their problems or meets their needs in a way that is better than the competition.

The Value Proposition Canvas is a tool used by product managers to analyze and design the value proposition of a product or service. It helps to identify the customer's needs, pains, and gains, and how the product can address them, while also considering the company's capabilities and resources.

Value vs. Complexity is the process of weighing the benefits of a product or feature against the effort needed to build and maintain it.

Vanity Metrics are data points that give the illusion of success but do not accurately measure the impact of a product or feature. These metrics often focus on surface-level engagement and can be misleading in terms of actual user behavior and business outcomes.

Velocity is a metric used in Agile product management to measure the amount of work completed in a given time period. It is calculated by dividing the total amount of work completed by the time taken to complete it.

Vendor Management is the process of managing relationships with third-party vendors who provide goods and/or services to a company. This includes selecting vendors, negotiating contracts, monitoring performance, and ensuring compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.

Venture Capital (VC) is a type of private equity financing provided by investors to startups and early-stage companies with high growth potential. In exchange for funding, the investors receive equity in the company and often play an active role in its management and decision-making processes.

Version control is a system that manages changes to a product's source code or other files, allowing multiple people to work on the same files without overwriting each other's changes. It tracks changes, allows for rollbacks, and ensures that everyone is working on the most up-to-date version of the product.

Video Marketing is a marketing strategy that involves creating and sharing videos to promote a product or service, increase brand awareness, and engage with customers. It can be used for various purposes such as product demos, customer testimonials, and social media ads.

Viewport refers to the visible area of a web page that is displayed on a device's screen. It is the part of the web page that a user can see without scrolling. The size of the viewport varies depending on the device and screen size.

Viral Marketing is a marketing strategy that utilizes social media and other online platforms to spread information about a product or service through word-of-mouth and social sharing, with the goal of creating a self-replicating viral effect that rapidly spreads the message to a large audience.

Virtual Reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way, using special electronic equipment such as a headset with a screen or gloves fitted with sensors.

A vision statement is a concise and inspirational statement that outlines the long-term aspirations and goals of a company or product. It serves as a guiding principle for decision-making and helps align stakeholders towards a common goal.

Visitor Behavior refers to the actions and interactions of users on a website or application, including clicks, navigation paths, and engagement metrics. Understanding visitor behavior is crucial for product managers to optimize user experience and drive conversions.

Visualization in Product Management refers to the process of creating visual representations of data or information to help stakeholders understand complex concepts and make informed decisions.

Voice of Customer (VOC) is a product management technique that involves gathering feedback and insights directly from customers to understand their needs, preferences, and pain points. This information is used to inform product development and improve the overall customer experience.

Vulnerability Scanning is the process of identifying security vulnerabilities in a system or network by scanning it with automated tools. It helps in identifying potential weaknesses that can be exploited by attackers and provides recommendations for remediation.

WIP (Work in Progress) refers to any task or project that is currently being worked on but has not yet been completed. It is a measure of the amount of unfinished work in a product development process.

Waterfall refers to a traditional project management approach that follows a sequential process. In this approach, each stage must be completed before moving onto the next one, making it difficult to make changes once work has begun.

The Waterfall Methodology is a linear project management approach where progress flows in one direction through a sequence of stages, with each stage dependent on the completion of the previous one.

Web Analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of web data for purposes of understanding and optimizing web usage.

Web Design refers to the process of creating the visual layout and user interface of a website, including the use of typography, color schemes, and graphics to enhance the user experience.

Web Development refers to the process of creating and maintaining websites, including aspects such as web design, web programming, and web content management.

Web Hosting is a service that allows individuals and organizations to make their website accessible via the World Wide Web. It involves storing website files on a server and making them available to visitors online.

Web Scraping is the process of extracting data from websites using automated software. It involves analyzing the HTML structure of a website and programmatically extracting relevant information.

A webhook is a way for an application to provide other applications with real-time information by sending a POST request to a specified URL when a certain event occurs.

A webinar is a live or pre-recorded online seminar or presentation that is delivered over the internet. It allows participants to interact with the presenter and other attendees in real-time through chat or Q&A features.

Weighted Scoring is a product management technique that assigns a numerical value to each feature or requirement based on its importance to the overall product strategy. These values are then multiplied by a weight factor to calculate a score for each feature, which helps prioritize development efforts.

Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF) is a prioritization technique used in agile product management to ensure that the highest value work is being worked on first based on a set of factors.

A backlog is a prioritized list of features, bugs, and technical tasks that need to be addressed in a software development project.

A whiteboard is a flat, white surface used for brainstorming, planning, and visualizing ideas. It is commonly used in product management to facilitate collaboration and communication among team members.

Wiki is a collaborative website that allows users to create, edit, and link pages together. It is a useful tool for product management teams to document and share information about products, features, and processes.

Win-Loss Analysis is a process of gathering and analyzing feedback from customers who have either chosen to buy a product (win) or not (loss), in order to improve the product and sales strategy.

A wireframe is a visual representation of a product's layout and functionality, typically used in the early stages of product development to communicate design ideas and user flow.

Wireframing is the process of creating a visual representation of a product's layout and functionality, typically using simple shapes and lines to depict the various elements and interactions. It is used to communicate design ideas and facilitate collaboration between designers, developers, and stakeholders.

Wizard of Oz Testing is a technique used in product management where a prototype of a product is tested with users by simulating the full product experience through a human 'wizard' who manually performs the actions that the final product would automate.

Workflow refers to the series of steps or tasks that are required to complete a specific process or project. It involves the coordination of different teams and individuals to ensure that each step is completed efficiently and effectively.

Workflow management is organizing, coordinating, and optimizing tasks and processes within an organization to ensure efficiency and productivity. In various industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and finance, workflow management systems streamline operations, automate repetitive tasks, and track progress to improve overall performance. 

Working Backwards is a product management technique used by Amazon where the team starts with the customer and works backwards to define the product, its features, and requirements.

Workload in Product Management refers to the amount of work that a product manager or team is responsible for completing within a given period of time. This includes tasks such as prioritizing features, managing timelines, and communicating with stakeholders.

eXtreme Programming (XP) is a software development methodology that aims to improve software quality and responsiveness to changing customer requirements through frequent release cycles, continuous testing, and customer involvement.